When a client presents a case outside a counselor's area of competence, what is the ethical course of action?

• A. Accept any case regardless of fit.
• B. Delay referral until the client requests.
• C. Refer to a qualified professional or obtain supervision when outside scope.
• D. Handle the case informally without supervision.

Answer: (C)

Counselors must practice only within their demonstrated competencies. When a case falls outside your area of competence, the ethical course is to refer to a qualified professional or seek supervision to gain the necessary skills before continuing. This protects client welfare by ensuring accurate assessment, appropriate intervention, and proper accountability. If you can obtain supervision, you may work under that supervision to build the needed competence; if not, refer to someone who can provide the expertise and explain the referral to the client. Accepting any case regardless of fit, delaying referral until the client requests, or handling the case informally without supervision risks harm, misdiagnosis, and inappropriate treatment, and fails to meet ethical standards.